Insight of “Internet of Things (IoT)”: The Modeling Approach for Future Horizon-Juniper Publishers
Juniper Publishers-Open access journal in Engineering Technology
Abstract
Ubiquitous sensing enabled by Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) technologies cuts across many areas of modern day living. This
offers the ability to measure, infer and understand environmental
indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural resources to urban
environments. The proliferation of these devices in a
communicating-actuating network creates the Internet of Things (IoT),
wherein, sensors and actuators blend seamlessly with the environment
around us, and the information is shared across platforms in order to
develop a common operating picture (COP). Fuelled by the recent
adaptation of a variety of enabling device technologies such as RFID
tags and readers, near field communication (NFC) devices and embedded
sensor and actuator nodes, the IoT has stepped out of its infancy and is
the next revolutionary technology in transforming the Internet into a
fully integrated Future Internet. As we move from www (static pages web)
to web2 (social networking web) to web3 (ubiquitous computing web), the
need for data-on-demand using sophisticated intuitive queries increases
significantly. This paper gives very interesting understanding with IoT
discussed with making as simple as possible not with the intention to
reach concept only up to readers but to become understandable and
friendly at students level with some text and basic models.
Keywords: RFID; IoP; IoT; NFC; WSNIntroduction
The next wave in the era of computing will be outside
the realm of the traditional desktop. In the Internet of Things (IoT)
paradigm, many of the objects that surround us will be on the network in
one form or another. Radio Frequency I Dentification (RFID) and sensor
network technologies will rise to meet this new challenge, in which
information and communication systems are invisibly embedded in the
environment around us. These results in the generation of enormous
amounts of data which have to be stored processed and presented in a
seamless, efficient and easily interpretable form. This model will
consist of services that are commodities and delivered in a manner
similar to traditional commodities. Cloud computing can provide the
virtual infrastructure for such utility computing which integrates
monitoring devices, storage devices, analytics tools, visualization
platforms and client delivery [1-5]. The cost-based model that Cloud
computing offers will enable end-to-end service provisioning for
businesses and users to access applications on demand from anywhere.
Smart connectivity with existing networks and context-aware computation
using network resources is an indispensable part of IoT. With the
growing presence of WiFi and 4G-LTE wireless Internet access, the
evolution toward ubiquitous information and communication networks is
already evident.
However, for the Internet of Things vision to
successfully emerge, the computing criterion will need to go beyond
traditional mobile computing scenarios that use smart phones and
portables and evolve into connecting everyday existing objects and
embedding intelligence into our environment. For technology to disappear
from the consciousness of the user, the Internet of Things demands: a
shared understanding of the situation of its users and their appliances,
software architectures and pervasive communication networks to process
and convey the contextual information to where it is relevant, and the
analytics tools in the Internet of Things that aim for autonomous and
smart behavior. With these three fundamental grounds in place, smart
connectivity and context-aware computation can be accomplished.
Modeling
The world change status and change agent-model
This is my first proposed model which exhibit to the
people or things connectivity scenario and the change agents which are
responsible to bring next advanced wave in communication system on
planet earth. Hence the model put idea front of us how communication
road map reached from physical communication to Internet of Things.
Earlier physical communication was only the backbone which started from,
different human sound/phonetics signals, then improved to gestures
signals and as mankind formed their set of alphabets different human
languages came in existence [6-9]. The second level is based on
electronic communication where analog devices and components like
resistor, diode, transistors, inductors, capacitors, AF/RF chokes &
Oscillators, transformers are made key contribution and Xerox Palo Alto
Inc.
Devices communication and link in RF field was example
of it published by Mark Weiser in “21st century Computer”
Figure 1. Than after technology switched to Digital and Optical
Communication due the advancement in semiconductor materials
and devices fabrication technology even at nano scale called
Nanotechnology various digital logic ICs, ASICs, Processors,
Controllers, LASERs, LED, Photo Diode etc. which clamp technology
on digital and optical smarts and instant communication. Since
this time communication technology became hybrid and instead
of other communication devices at communication nodes in
communication network computers are used with connection all
computers in group LAN, group of LANs to MAN, group of MANs
WAN, group of WANs WWW called World Wide Web or Internet.
Using Internet everyone in world from any corner can connect and
communicate instantly and using next advanced step in Internet
i.e. Cloud Computing not only mankind and their computers but
also all hardware, software resources, platforms, databases and
warehouses links and shared which gives virtual communication
mode to world. And the technology still in progress and now a
days not only people, hardware’s, software’s, platforms links and
communicate but also any object (living or Nonliving) can link
and communicate or gives their current status using USN and
RFID with connecting to exist Internet technology called Internet
of Things (IoT) which gives super virtual virtuosity to this world
[10-17].
“In future there is also possibility if in universe there is
Alien beings or has intelligence lives forms on others planets
and they are using Internet-like similar alien technologies on
their planets and connect with compatibility to our planet links
and communicate with other planets and their civilization and
technology will shift from World Wide Web (WWW) to Universal
Wide Web (UWW) and using it Internet of Things (IoT) will shift
to Internet of Universal Things (IoUT)”.
Communication technology and communicators -model
In general, last three technologies completely changed facet
of communication and are “Internet, Cloud Computing and
Internet of Things/Internet of Everything’s”. using Internet only
People to people interconnectivity and Communication but
using Cloud Computing People, Platforms, Hardware, Software,
Databases, services interconnectivity and Communication and
the future technology begin with the idea of IoT/IoE using which
People, Platforms, Hardware, Software, Databases, services and
all Living nonliving “OBJECTS/THINGS” interconnectivity and
Communication possible as shown in Figure 2,3.
What comprises (Encompass) IoT networks
To formulate effective and efficient Internet of things there are
four building blocks which are essential but may more and less
of others consideration it’s my concern only. The fist important
department is Information Technology Engineering and
installation like database, content, sounds, signals and all likewise
information transmission, reception and processing of Objects/
Things using USN and RFID. The second important department
is Operational Technology where the responsibility to engineer
high quality effective and sensitive operations in USN after
transmission and reception of RFID links in USN using Internet
can say sensation and actuation engineering using sensors and
actuators for Things/Objects. Third most important department
is Communication Technology engineering using Internet and
Cloud/Cluster for USN and RFID sensing installation purpose.
And the forth is Smart Objects/Things designing and engineering
with No/Less Intelligence sensing and actuation like animals,
birds or any living object as well as artificial intelligence sensing
and actuation like cars, trains, refrigerator, smart wear ware or
any nonliving object of world with mounting Ubiquitous Sensors
and Actuators using USN and RFID links for objects detection,
identification, authentication and communication purpose.
How IoT works using USN and RFID
Above figure gives the ideal how objects link and communicate
using IoT. Every living or nonliving object which wants to connect
using Internet they compulsory needs set of ubiquitous sensors
and actuators sometime along with processing chambers. On
internet its must to installed layer for Ubiquitous Sensors Network
(USN) which transmit, receive, identify and process RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification) of various objects connected in USN.
The object connects to internet using RFID. To get clear picture
see below example Figure 4,5.
In above example I assumed two station office and home with
connecting three things of user Cell Phone, Alarm Clock and Coffee
maker with RFID links and USN over Internet channel. When
outgoing time near of user from office to home, what time he/
she scheduled of outgoing in cell phone on that time cell phone
activate time signal from station office to station home using
RFID and USN connectivity between all of them to alarm clock.
On given time signal by cell phone alarm clock activate and send
activation signal to coffee maker to keep cup of coffee ready on
exact enter time of user in home [18-21]. In below figure I tried to
put up concept how no/less intelligence living objects possible to
connect using RFID and USN over Internet.
Conclusion
The Internet of Things continues to affirm its important
position in the context of Information and Communication
Technologies and the development of society. Whereas concepts
and basic foundations have been elaborated and reached maturity,
further efforts are necessary for unleashing the full potential and
federating systems and actors. What are the ideal, execution and
implementation I discussed with some text and models along with
limitation and future scope, engineering needs and application in
this work?
Acknowledgement
I really thankful to my wife Safeena Shaikh for her moral
support my son Md. Nameer Shaikh for his love which keeps me
fresh with new ideas and my close friend & Co-author of this
article Tanvir Sayyed for her positive support with me and my
motivator Dr. B.N. Gupta for his constant support.
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