Juniper Publishers Reactive Power Compensation by Power Capacitor Method
Juniper Publishers - Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology
Authored by : Fazal M
Abstract
Reactive power compensation play an important role
in modern era because supplier companies take charges of it, if it
exceeds a predetermined value so different companies enforce users to
compensate it. In this paper, different topologies are discussed but the
appropriate method which we are employing is power capacitor topology.
This research has design programming based capacitor technique for 200
KVAR, 400V and detuning factor 7%. We understand standard and
requirements regarding capacitor based topologies on the bases of price,
qualities and different elements.
Keywords: Detuning Capacitor; acceptor circuit; ZEE SILKO company Capacitor; Reactive power Introduction
Reactive power compensation play an important role
in this modern era because supplier companies take charges of it, if it
exceeds a predetermined value so different companies enforce users to
compensate it, and to reduce the power consumption. The consumer has to
pay electricity charges for his maximum demand in KVA plus the unit
consumed if the value of power factor is improved by the customer so
there will be annual saving. Power factor improvement results increasing
making capacity of plant. The aim is to reduce the reactive power flow
so as result reducing the electrical energy charges. Most appropriate
method for compensating reactive power flow is power capacitor, which is
economical and efficient as well compare to filter and compensating by
synchronous condenser., but in this paper, we are designing programmed
capacitor bank to compensate the reactive power flow automatically, for
that we introduced single, group and bulk power factor correction
techniques according to level of customer used (Figure 1).
Methodology
Reactive power compensation topologies
The inductive load causes the low power factor
which can be compensate by using capacitive behavior devices which are
as follows
1. Capacitor Bank
2. Synchronous electric motors
3. Active filters
4. Hybrid filters
The most appropriate and economical method employing for reactive power compensation is capacitor bank topology.
Capacitor bank is further having 3 major types which are as follows
1. Single PF modification topology
2. Group PF modification topology
3. Bulk PF modification topology
Single PF modification topology
Here power capacitor is directly connected to
device terminal, as result reactive power is compensated at device
terminals. Since capacitor can be on or off by the means of working
device at load center so there is no need to control it. Here each CB is
directly connected to the particular load.
Group PF modification topology
This method is very helpful because it compensates
the number of loads connected to same switchgear. Here bank of
capacitor is controlled by programmable device and also protection is
applying for number of capacitor (Figure 2).
Bulk PF modification topology
This method is very important for reactive power
compensation for whole switchyard. Whole PS is loaded by reactive
current as result capacitor having large power Regulation so group PF
modification is very helpful in such case rather than bulk (Figure 3).
Results and Discussion
Power capacitor and detuning reactor
For required voltage and power the reactor and
capacitor should be connected in series. After analysis different data,
we have to employ power capacitor with rated voltage as according to the
formula.
The calculation can have withheld if there is no reactive power in series with respective capacitor.
Acceptor circuit
Capacitor and cascaded reactor shows acceptor
network so respective capacitor bank should remove distorted voltage and
current connected with CB. Acceptor circuit basically filtrate the
higher order harmonics which is the capability of that circuit termed as
detuning factor which is defined by formula
Typical range of higher order harmonics limited includes 5th and 7th
harmonics. Which are usually present in the main and biggest share is
involve in supplying current. The data taken for the calculation below
is Capacitor
The ratio M indicates to find total capacitor with required power when reactor is cascaded in it.
For number of capacitors the required power should
be distributed. For required capacitor rating ZES SILKO Company was
chosen because it is pronounced company among different supplier.
CSADG 1-0,44/20,1 capacitor
Gas filled capacitor 20Kvar: Gas filled
Capacitor CSADG 1-0.44/20 from ZES Silko With N2 Dielectric used for
power factor correction are used in power three phase networks 440V,
50Hz and capacity 20kvar, the figure is shown below Figure 4.
Other we use are
CSADP 3-0, 44/40, 5 capacitors
Main Circuit Diagram: For connection
diagram of capacitor bank, we draw both control and main circuit
diagram. The respective switchyard is connected to capacitor bank. There
is three stage network incomings to supply the capacitor bank from the
feeder, the incoming power is distributed through the bus bars then
onward. The cross section of the bus so current can be withheld very
carefully Flowing through the device. for capacitor bank, there are
three insulators which gives short circuit strength of about 20-30kA.The
connection L1,L2 and L3 represents the point of connection of the
capacitors and respective reactors with the bus bars (Figure 5).
The three cooper bus bars L1, L2 and L3 are
connected through the wires to the switch disconnectors F-F6. All switch
disconnectors has the same current strength of 160A. The terminals
2,4,5 of each disconnector are connected to the three phase reactor
(D1-D5). Each reactor has thermal protection (contact 11 and 14). Next,
the reactors are connected in series through the contactors (K1-K5). The
terminals A1 and A2 (coil of the contactor supplied by 230V AC source)
trip the contacts of the contactor.
Control Circuit: Control equipment is very
important for the protection needs to terminal stripe. It will cross all
network to make the circuit work.
Conclusion
Power capacitors techniques are most common for
reactive power compensation. Many companies provide capacitor bank
components which needs to be compared [1-6]. I compared all the
capacitor bank components offered by manufacturers. It was very time
consuming task, since I had to pay attention to each detail regarding
functions and features of power factor regulators, the parameters of
power capacitors, reliability of contactors and reactors. The more
complicated task is determining the rating of capacitor with detuning
factor 7 percent then the main and control circuit diagram is
determined.
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