Juniper Publishers Biometric Techniques: A Mini-Review


Juniper Publishers - Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology


Authored by : Huang L


Abstract

Biometrics is the body measurement and statistical analysis of people's unique biological traits. It has been applied for identification and access control. This mini-review paper will provide you with comparison of the biometric technologies based on different biological traits for identification and authentication. In addition, this paper also discusses the challenge and controversy in the area of biometric person recognition.
Abstract: Biometrics; Recognition; Security; Technology


Introduction

With the development of Engineering and Technology, it is becoming extremely important and critical to reduce the threats in privacy, personal safety and public security in 21st century. Biometrics is the technology of measuring and analyzing biological data of human subjects involved for person authentication or identification purposes. Its progress in recent years has brought in many civilian, military and government applications. It is believed that biometric technology is the most ideal solution to ensure the security and privacy of our personal information, and let us have confidence in identification systems [1].
Biometrics apply for different biological traits, such as fingerprints, irises, retinas, signatures, voices, faces, etc. (Figure 1) to recognize a person [2]. There are many debates about the merits and demerits of different biometric systems. This paper presents the description and advantages/disadvantages of the most popular ones listed in Table 1.




Discussion

Biometric solution can be applied for a wide range of security areas, including access control, time and attendance management, surveillance, and boarder control, etc. Among those solutions, face recognition has been used in projects to identify card counters or other undesirables in casinos, shoplifters in stores, criminals and terrorists. Fingerprint recognition has been applied in US-VISIT program [8]. IAFIS system with over 47 million subjects is maintained by the FBI Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) and includes automated ten-print and latent fingerprint search. The Canada-US Fast Track Nexus program utilizes iris recognition to manage frequent travellers to pass through boarder.
Biometric solutions are also facing challenges. The use of biometric data might be compromised by any unauthorized party and used for other purposes which are different from the original consents or agreements. Another risk is that the biometric data can be captured during their transmission to the central database and fraudulently replicated in another transaction.
The challenge of biometrics also includes how to develop and commercialize the systems by addressing all needs for biometrics and achieving all potential benefits. Moreover, the system should work for everyone and everywhere with 100% accurate rates under all kinds of conditions and environments. Data storage should also be small with fast recognition speed. It is a tough job.

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