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Potential Environmental Impacts of Uncomposted Organic Materials, Composts and Manures - Juniper Publishers

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Juniper Publishers - Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology Abstract Soil health is central to organic farming and organic inputs are applied to improve it so as to get higher economic yields on sustainable basis. A lot of work has been done around the world to support this fact. But there are environmental concerns related to the use of inputs which include the losses of nutrients from the farming systems to the open ecosystems causing damage to the water bodies including underground water contamination. Gaseous nitrogen losses tend to be lower from composted than fresh organic materials. There is a need to investigate trade-offs between different gaseous and leaching forms of pollutants following compost application. The environmental impacts of organic materials including uncomposted and composted manures applied to the soil to get higher production and productive of crops, have not been studied by many. This review paper is an attempt to summarize th...
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Juniper publishers Production of Bisphenol A (BPA) By Green Technology

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Juniper Publishers - Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology Authored by :  Ibrahim Altuwair Abstract The literatures and researches show that the reaction between phenol and acetone is too slow in the absence of catalyst, but it proceeds with formation of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the presence of acidic catalyst or any strong acid [ 1 ]. Although the BPA formation depends on the molar ratio of reactants (acetone and phenol), using a different solvents or catalysts will not deny the effect of the BPA on human health. It is only enhancing the reaction ratio between phenol and acetone and improves the selectivity. There are different catalysts and solvents have been tested and their effects on the process and BPA yields were evaluated. However, as the reaction proceeded to increase the water concentration, the inhibition effect of water reduces the reaction rate and gives low yield. This will not eliminate the impacts of BPA directly or indirectly on hum...
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Juniper Publishers - Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology Abstract This novel article presents the multi-objective version of the recently proposed Moth-flame optimizer (MFO) known as Non-Dominated Sorting Moth Flame Optimizer (NSMFO). This proposed NSMFO algorithm works in such a manner that it first collects all non-dominated Pareto optimal solutions achieved till the evolution of last iteration limit. The best solutions are then chosen from the collection of all Pareto optimal solutions using a crowding distance mechanism based on the coverage of solutions as navigation strategy to guide moths towards the dominated regions of multi-objective search spaces. For validate the efficiency and effectiveness of proposed NSMFO algorithm is applied to a set of standard unconstrained, constrained and engineering design problems. The results are verified by comparing NSMFO against Multi objective Colliding Bodies Optimizer (MOCBO), Multi objective Particle Sw...
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